Nursing Care of People with Substance Related Disorder and Dual Case Study

Nursing Care of People with Substance Related Disorder and Dual Diagnosis - Case Study Example Initially he liked drinking with his friends but over past few years, his drinking has become quite escalated to the extent he is alcohol dependent in order to cope with daily cores. His convulsive consumption of alcohol is very pronounced, since he says that normally he takes a couple of beers in the morning and ends in the evening by consuming two or three bottles of wine and some mixers. Joe also appears to be very depressed and hopeless as he explained that he was feeling very low and regrets about having lost the only things that matters to him. Looking at his medical history, he appears to have lost considerable weight, which he explains by saying that he does not like eating, and he lacks appetite most of times due to nausea. It appears that Joe is in need of nursing care of people with substance related disorder and dual diagnosis. Dual diagnosis refers to the comorbid condition of a person who is suffering from a substance abuse problem and mental illness (Elder, Evans & Niz ette, 2009). High-risk alcohol consumption is not a problem that affects Joe alone, but it is prevalent in Australia, with about 3200 people dying as a result of excessive alcohol consumption and around 81000 people being hospitalized annually (Australian Government, 2011). Moreover, the Australian community incurred approximately $15.3 billion in 2004/05 from alcohol-related social problems (Australian House of Representatives, 2010). Assessment: Biopsychosocial assessment It involves interview or interviews combined with physical and psychological examinations that are aimed at gathering all the information related to physical, psychological, and social issues that may be affecting problems such as addiction, emotional and personality difficulties (Myers & Salt, 2007). Joe, in his late 20s, appeared to have all signs of a late stage alcoholic developing into alcohol withdrawal. He looked sweaty, eyes dilated and his hands were trembling badly. His blood/alcohol level was at that m oment low. His nose and cheeks were red with tiny spider veins and when asked to extend his hands out in front, they were very tremulous. He looked more of a featherweight person with a distended abdomen. He scored high on the CAGE assessment test and did not have other drug substances in his system. Mental health status assessment Mental health assessment helps a healthcare practitioner to get the overall picture of how well a patient feels emotionally and their ability to think, reason, and remember (Fabricius, Langa & Wilson, 2008). He appears to have a memory lapse, as he cannot remember people close to him - he kept confusing their names. His thinking was relatively slow, and the speech was somehow slurred. It was apparent that he had lost control of his drinking and now his drinking has escalated. He was confused and depressed by his situation. The divorce and custody of his child appear to have added hopelessness and misery to his predicament. For most of the time, he was fee ling guilty and worthless for losing interest in things that were important in his life. His sleeping habit is quite troubled since he has to take alcohol in order to sleep. Substance use history Substance use history helps a doctor to assess dual diagnosis patient history of how they have been abusing substances, for what given timeframe and

How smoking can negatively affect your life Essay Example for Free

How smoking can negatively affect your life Essay My name is Kimberly Robinson. Today, I will be discussing how smoking can negatively affect your life in so many different ways. Like many people, you already know that smoking is bad for your health. But not many fully understand just how dangerous smoking really is. Every single cigarette you smoke does damage to your body. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2017), cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, causing more than 480,000 deaths each year and the risk of dying from cigarette smoking has been increasing over the past 50 years. It causes nearly one in five deaths which are more than car accidents, illegal drugs, Aids, murders, and suicides combined. That is scary to think about. Smoking can affect many things in your life including your health, appearance and your finances. Smokers are more likely than non-smokers to develop heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer. Smoking can cause yellow teeth and fingers and also bad breath. Don’t even get me started on the fact that smoking can be an expensive hobby. In the state of Virginia, the average cost for a pack of cigarette is $5.25, according to fairreporters.net. If a smoker smokes three packs per day, that is about $5748.75 per year. That extra money could be spent on your family. Choosing to damage your body is one thing, but smoking doesn’t only affect your health, it also affects the health of the people are the closest to you. According to the (Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC, 2017), second-hand smoke has the same harmful chemicals that mainstream smoke contains and prolonged exposure increases to the risk of lung disease by 23% to 25%. According to the U.S Food and Drug Administration (2017), there are more than 7,000 chemicals found in cigarette smoke and more than 70 of those chemicals are linked to cancer. Nicotine is the main component of tobacco. It is highly addictive, hence, the addiction that comes with smoking cigarettes. Nicotine causes the adrenal gland to release hormones that stimulate the brain and increases blood pressure and heart rate. Cigarette smoke also contains tar. Tar is a sticky brown substance that is produced when tobacco is burned. When the smoke is inhaled, tar forms a sticky layer inside of your lungs which will damage it and can cause cancer of the lungs, mouth, and throat. There are so many advantages of quitting smoking. By quitting smoking, you will improve your health and the health of others around you. The minute you stop smoking, the risks of getting a smoke-related disease will start to decrease. Because of the level of nicotine present in cigarette smoke, you may encounter some difficulties while trying to quit smoking but there are resources that can help you throughout the process. The first thing you should do is make the decision to quit and then make a list of the reasons why you want to do it. This way you will have something to refer to when you feel like giving up. Secondly, set a date at which you will quit and inform your family and friends about your upcoming journey. They might be able to motivate and help you when you are having hard days. The next thing to do is to remove any stimuli from your surrounding that could potentially cause you to revert. Some tools that can help you cope and have a smooth transition are counseling, nico tine replacement therapy, hypnosis, acupuncture therapy and support groups.

Macro Environmental Forces Slept Analysis Marketing Essay

Macro Environmental Forces Slept Analysis Marketing Essay The financial crisis initiated four years ago has been the reason for purchasing cuts on all dispensable products. Bottled water has been perceived as one of them and, therefore, its consumption has slightly decreased (Mintel, 2012). Consumers are not keen any more to pay for unnecessary goods and services, especially, those which can be substituted for other alternatives, for instance, the consumption of tap water in replace of bottled water. This could suggest that the issue has influenced the consumers mind by inciting them to drink tap water rather than to spend extra money on something which can be obtained for an extremely cheap price. Thus, the companies find themselves in a position where they need to reduce the price of their products in order to keep the business afloat. According to the newspaper reporter Smithers (2009) from the Guardian, the immediate impact of this credit crunch meant a declination of 9 % on number of bottles sold in the UK. http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2009/mar/23/bottled-water-sales-fall The companies have needed to find a reason which could motivate consumers to appreciate the benefits of bottled water and, hence, motivate them to purchase it as the economy has become an issue preventing its sales even though it is currently showing a slow improvement (The Guardian, 2012). http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/oct/25/british-economy-recession LEGAL FACTORS Specification of components and labelling requirements Bottled water companies production in the UK is restricted by laws at European and national level which not only concern with the protection of consumers but also the protection of the environment (Bottled water information, no date). The Food standard legislation is one of those regulations and it defends the rights of the consumers from being mislead when purchasing a food product (Food Standards Agency, no date). As a result, bottled water producers are obliged to state the components of the water ensuring the customers awareness of them. The labels of their products must specify these constituents. However, the requirements and rules on the positioning and labelling are different depending on the water category: natural mineral water, bottled drinking water and spring water (Mendip District Council, 2010). http://www.mendip.gov.uk/CouncilService.asp?id=SX9452-A7808400 Natural mineral waters must come from a recognised underground source and can only be subject to very limited treatments.   Any water labelled spring water must come from an underground source and meet certain exploitation and labelling requirements but does not need to be from an officially recognised source.   Bottled drinking can come from any water source and has fewer labelling restrictions than the other two categories Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (no date). The aim of this regulation is to stop the use of ozone-enriched air, in the case of the spring water, as disinfectant treatment and to ensure a better healthcare by reducing the toxic substances. The bottled water producers have to make sure to follow these rules before placing their products in the market place. Regulations to reduce environmental impacts Bottled water may be a serious impact on the environment and, for that reason; there are existing harsh rules which determine the way companies have to operate in order to maintain the impact to the lowest. Companies have to ensure they use the natural resources in a sustainable way (Bottled water information UK, no date) because the situation has come to a stage where their contribution in pollution is really significant. The production of plastic bottles and the transportation of water have actively affected the medium. Every year more than 3.5 billion pounds of PET plastic bottles come to be roadside litter, worthless material (Hays, no date, p:15)and another large quantity is burned liberating harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. Some companies have tried to improve their brand image by launching  initiatives with environmental words like plastic neutral and zero waste. However, campaigners still believe that generating and eliminate plastic bottles are catastrophic to the environment in any circumstance (Manchester Evening News, 2009). The Environmental Agency, the institution standing for the care of the environs, has dictated the Environmental Permitting Regulations 2010 which controls this liberation of contaminants into the air from large and multiple industrial operations (Environment Agency, no date). The bottled water producers are forced to find a way not to surpass these established limits as their infringement could lead to serious consequences. POLITICAL FACTORS This industry has constantly been affected by a succession of negative impacts as it has been seen previously. However, it has also taken advantage of opportunities which have been presented through positive factors. One of these opportunities is the health report given by the government which remarks the importance of drinking water, being hydrated .This health report is the new marketing strategy that the business needed in order to re-position itself in the market. Consumers commence to take more consideration for their health. Nonetheless, the main target that the government is intending to appeal is children as the obesity and other health issues are rapidly increasing in their sector (National Health Service Information Centre, 2012, p:24) .They want to influence them to follow a healthier lifestyle. http://www.ic.nhs.uk/webfiles/publications/003_Health_Lifestyles/OPAD12/Statistics_on_Obesity_Physical_Activity_and_Diet_England_2012.pdf The Health Protection Agency, a department which concerns with the health issues, wants to prevent and significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality arising from gastrointestinal disorders and other health effects, by ensuring that adequate measures are taken to improve access to safe and affordable water and adequate sanitation for all children Health Protection Agency (no date). This is a clear chance for the bottled water producers to stand and succeed generating a product which appeals to this particular target audience. Different sizes of bottles which can fit in their hands or in their launch box. Moreover, it has helped to create new advertising campaigns that promote and highlight the gains obtainable from bottled water, for example, Nestlà ©s pure life 2011 advertising campaign (YouTube, 2011). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oS5P9Y-ah3s SOCIAL FACTORS The bottled water industry has witnessed certain social aspects occurred in the outside world which have sometimes jeopardized its place in the beverage market. Nevertheless, some others factors have also become new doors for the business to expand. The conditions of tap water and its taste have caused a growth of tension among people. Consequently, consumers have started demanding something purer with nutrients and vitamins (McQueeney, 2012). It is then that the bottled water producers have realized the need of creating a product which suits the requests of this particular type of customer. They have understood their message by launching a range of bottled waters with different flavours widening, in this way, their choice (Jones, 2009). Volvic is clear example of one of those companies which has grasped this opportunity. http://www.beveragedaily.com/Markets/Flavour-and-function-triumph-in-bottled-water-market Another revolutionary social fact that changed the industry is the rise of body/health consciousness (NamNews, 2010). Society has become increasingly obsessed with their body shape to the point of being selective with the food and the drinks they consume. Food and drink production companies noticed that a place was being created for products low in calories which meant a new way to develop business (Public Relations Web, 2012). The bottled water market is one of the industries that considered that it was coming to be a sizeable and relevant market. Therefore, they strived to find a way to connect fitness with water (Forsyth, 2010). They created advertising campaigns where the characters (with great bodies) were involved in some kind of sport or activity. They were effective because people started to perceive water as indispensable for active life. However, there still was the need to portray that, to have the best of the bodies, the best water had to be consumed. That is exactly what Evian did. http://www.prweb.com/releases/food_additives_acidulants/fat_replacers_sweeteners/prweb10148697.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11813975 The French brand Evian recognised the growing, wider health and fitness trend and exploited it to the full by marketing their bottled water the ultimate health and wellness product Forsyth, H. (2010). Bottled water was now being included as part of the shopping list and its demand has rapidly increased as people live a more beneficial life (BBC Two, 2010). http://www.kamcity.com/namnews/asp/newsarticle.asp?newsid=41408 https://release.worc.ac.uk/watch.php?r=ZC72HMLN TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS For any bottled water company, the expense to generate its products requires constant analysis at all levels. The extensive companies keep becoming stronger, coercing the suppliers to enhance quality and productivity but diminishing costs (Pall Corporation, 2006). This could be possible with the apparition of a new revolutionary way of production that could actually achieve that: The hollow fiber membrane technology. http://d2xjwcgentlu24.cloudfront.net/pdfs/Food-and-Beverage/Bottled_Water_App_Bulletin.pdf This innovation is based on the separation of both gassy and liquid elements. It has been demonstrated that the membranes work in water treatment. As a result, its development still proceeds. Nevertheless, there are few remaining problems that need to be solved (Stanford Research Institute International, no date). The European Commission (2010, p:9) also agrees with that. For that reason, it also emphasizes the relevance of this problem which makes it point of focus in its investigation. http://www.sri.com/work/projects/advanced-hollow-fiber-membrane-water-purification http://ec.europa.eu/research/environment/pdf/membrane-technologies.pdf MICRO-ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES The bottled water industry has faced some internal aspects occurring in its environment which have been harnessed appropriately in order to help the business boost its sales: competitive advantage within the soft drink market, convenience of bottled water, rise of focus on better healthcare, increase of eco-friendly interest ,etc (Mintel, 2012). COMPETITORS The successful outcome and behaviour of a company depend on the competition level in its market (Oxford University Press, 2007). Thus, companies must identify their relevant competitors in order to generate the most efficient marketing strategy to obtain profits and also help them become the leading company in their product category. The bottled water producers have made sure to achieve a developed competitive advantage which has helped them gain position (Mintel, 2012). For that reason, it is wrong to believe that tap water is the industry main competitor. Bottled water is currently occupying a high position in the market competing in the same level as soft drinks. It has maintained competitive prices by offering the minimum cost which has proved to be effective as it continues to be appealing to those customers seeking value for money (Mintel, 2012). The soft drink industry has struggled to sell its products due to the unfavourable publicity causing consumers to change their drink choices for healthier ones (Highbeam Business, 2012). This has meant a huge opportunity for the bottled water brands to gain popularity over their competitors. That is the reason why some big distributors of soft drinks, such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi, have realized the need to also get involved in the distribution of bottled water (i.e. Dasani, Aquafina) with the interest of expanding the business (McWilliams, 2010). However, some have succeeded in this purpose more than others. Today bottled water is the fastest-growing beverage category in the world (FiberWater, no date) despite their rivals try hard other strategies to recover their losses and regain market share. CUSTOMERS The number of consumers that see their lives as time-pressured grows every day (Mintel, 2012). According to this fact, convenience becomes an important factor influencing their decisions when purchasing a drink or a food product (Wales, 2009). That explains the growth of microwave dinners, drive-thru windows and online purchasing of groceries. However, there are other reasons that make bottled water convenient. When people buy it, what they are buying it is not the water so much as the bottle, what they are buying is the convenience of the package at that moment (Fisherman, 2010). If one finds himself in a situation where there is need of drinking water while being out (without availability of tap water), the first thing that would come to mind is to buy a bottle of water from the nearest store. In short, this suggests that what the industry is actually selling is the benefits of the product (portable, opportune at the needed time) which is what the customer wants, rather than produc t itself. The focus of the customers on convenience is good news for the industry as they gradually switch to the appropriateness of the beverage (Australasian bottled water institute, no date) with the extended variation of leisure activities, travelling and also the growth of life out home. http://www.bottledwater.org.au/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=ASP0003/ccms.r?PageId=5002 SEGMENTATION, TARGETING POSITIONING The bottled water companies need to recognize and describe their potential markets. They need to break them down into different segments using demographic variables, psychographic variables and/or behavioural variables. Once this step is fulfilled, they have to evaluate the relevant segments and decide which ones to target. Finally, they design the product which meets the requirements of their targeted audience (Adcock et al., 2001). The market can possibly be divided by using different variables. However, the most relevant for the bottled water industry is probably the behavioural variables: non-users, light, moderate or heavy users (E-learn portal, 2012). For example, according to Euromonitor (2002) the bottled water consumption was heavy in Italy with an average of 155 litres per person a year while it was light in Finland with an average of 14 litres per person. http://www.elearnportal.com/courses/business/consumer-behavior/consumer-behavior-market-segmentation http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/foo_bot_wat_con-food-bottled-water-consumption EVIAN Evian is UK leading brand specialized in the distribution of bottled water (BBC, 2012). It is part of the product mix supplied by the French company Danone. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-19743806 The brand is generally aimed at heavy mineral water drinkers (Nielsen, 2009). However, on a detailed basis, Evian targets people of all ages; mums, babies, children, seniors and also people who carry an active lifestyle (Evian PET bottles), for example, students. Moreover, it also aims at restaurants, hotels and nightclubs as that explains the existence of Evian glass bottles (Evian, no date). A lot of people would say water does not offer too many opportunities. Nevertheless, Evian has achieved positioning its brand in the premium market by gaining from every parent concerned for the health of their newborns (Michael, 2012). Evian uses a unique brand communication which proves to be effective. It was clearly reflected on their advertising campaign under the slogan Live Young (Lab Brand, 2009). Brand Positioning on Emotional Benefits http://www.labbrand.com/brand-source/evian-strives-brand-differentiation-build-brand-equity EVIANS MARKETING MIX PRICE Evian wants the customers to distinguish their product as being a luxury from Mother Nature; consequently, they price it at the premium level (Fisher, 2012). This is due to the reliance they have developed over the years since the establishment of the brand. The price is what gives standard to their product line (Kapferer, 2008). The following image gives an idea of the average price of Evians product line in Tesco. Figure 1: Evian brand price at Tesco (My supermarket 2012). PLACE Evian clearly distributes its bottles through supermarkets, such as, Tesco, Asda, Waitrose, Ocado and Sainsburys (My supermarket, 2012). Similarly, they use some smaller retailers as their supply channel as it is a wider way to reach their customers. In some occasions, the brand may also be placed in vending machines as it can be seen in the picture below. http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRL-LKivJKsbaGbwI7qTyEq0EG-7BkObbtFCXPi_ykx8sFpS33eoQ Figure 2: Evian bottles in a vending machine (Source: Google, 2011). PRODUCT The brand offers ranges of bottles suited to each of their different target audiences. For example, the PET bottles for sports practitioners and the glass bottles for the restaurants. It is noticeable that the firm uses different materials to generate its bottles: plastic bottles, resistant to movement, and glass bottles, more delicate, sign of sophistication (Evian, no date). In addition, Evian offers its water in bottles of different sizes adapted to the convenience of the customer. http://www.evian.com/files/contents/38/bottles_PET_BE.png Figure3: Evian bottles in different sizes (Source: Evian, no date). PROMOTION It uses different ways to communicate its message to the target audience with the interest of creating a connection between them and the product. Some of the various effective techniques they utilize to make that possible are brand endorsement and advertising through different channels. In addition, the brand is sponsor of sport icons like Maria Sharapova (The drum, 2012). Figure 5: Evians billboard advert (Source: Google 2012). Figure 4: Evians brand endorsement (Source: AdWeek 2006).http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSwg1SFW7p_fwN4mSlHvY0Pdu9WHXFWizkyTgMIYXuRCfBouuoqCYvGtj1bSA http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ9zwxjho_G7ARm8PA5qhZORnp-MylAVKZVyPCrw_cIxunvbXiKLw http://liamsmarketingandprblog.blogspot.co.uk/2012/11/analysis-and-swot-analysis-of-one-brand.html http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8PoItiB7bicCpg=PA235lpg=PA235dq=evian-+premium+pricesource=blots=ewZc0xoEWBsig=_b3qj2975SIOafxq1j49xu89Ldghl=ensa=Xei=NO61UO_yLYiH0AW69YHoBgved=0CFkQ6AEwBg#v=onepageq=evian-%20premium%20pricef=false http://www.mysupermarket.co.uk/brands/evian_in_tesco.html http://www.mysupermarket.co.uk/#/tesco-price-comparison/mineral_water/evian_natural_still_mineral_water_2l.html http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=Evian+bottles+in+a+vending+machineum=1hl=ensa=Ntbo=dbiw=1366bih=653tbm=ischtbnid=Ut337L89YKN7rM:imgrefurl=http://vintage.johnnyjet.com/folder/archive/France-South-Nice-Aix-en-Provence-DiScala-Wedding-Chateau-Grimaldi-Best-Western-2011-7.htmldocid=Wxlz77d416FJLMimgurl=http://vintage.johnnyjet.com/photos-2011/Nice-France-June-2011-176.jpgw=640h=480ei=SOu5UJXeGcLF0QWAqIHIAwzoom=1iact=rcdur=399sig=113099667739855397104page=1tbnh=143tbnw=212start=0ndsp=23ved=1t:429,r:22,s:0,i:157tx=131ty=95 http://www.evian.com/en_GB/54-evian-PET-bottles James Blake is cool, but can he heat up? http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?q=evian+billboard+adsstart=185hl=ensa=Xtbo=dbiw=1366bih=653tbm=ischtbnid=Op4ec1VRnuLuXM:imgrefurl=http://www.artrick-playground.com/article/Evian-T-Shirts-Are-Back/3247/1024811docid=4RFzSZrgBnMPyMimgurl=http://www.artrick-playground.com/static/images/3247/Evian-T-Shirts-Are-Back_1024811_profile.jpgw=440h=330ei=XuO5UP2CGqrQ0QWln4GgBgzoom=1iact=hcvpx=1066vpy=301dur=485hovh=194hovw=259tx=147ty=66sig=113099667739855397104page=8tbnh=149tbnw=214ndsp=34ved=1t:429,r:78,s:100,i:58 http://www.thedrum.com/news/2012/06/28/evian-extends-sponsorship-deals-maria-sharapova-and-wimbledon

how not to spend you senior year :: essays research papers

She starts off talking about her life, starting from the third grade. She tells how when she was in third grade her mom was killed by a hit and run. Since then her and her dad have moved a lot. Thirteen elementary schools from third grade to sixth grade, five middle schools, 6 high schools but she stayed in one place for her senior year. She learned not to unpack when ever she goes to a new place. They have always moved into furnished apartments, and she now has learned that not all places come complete with a couch. She remembers every time she moved somewhere there would be the Phone Calls of Mysterious Origin which were phone calls in the middle of the night and her dad would answer them but he wasn’t on for a long time so it couldn’t be a girlfriend. And after the phone calls would stop, she would come home to her dad at the kitchen table with The Map. During her freshman, sophomore, and junior year they moved all over the eastside of Lake Washington. And at the beginning of my senior year we moved to Seattle, Washington. And I started school at Beacon High. And on that first day of school she falls head over heels in love. His name was Alex Crawford. The guy she saw across the classroom but knew that he would not remember her after that. She was standing in the parking lot looking up at this metal column standing straight up on the building and nothing on the end which seemed awkward. Alex came up behind her and said that a car use to be there but it was getting repaired. They began talking and walked towards the school. She was walking out of her first period class when Alex showed up out of the blue. He walked her to all her classes occasionally bringing his friend Elaine Golden. They all went to Drama class together and when they got there everyone was working on Shakespeare. Mr. Barnes made her join in with everyone else. Alex and Elaine did a scene from Romeo and Juliet. When it came time for the kiss Elaine pulled away as he was coming in for the kiss. The whole class was laughing. When the teacher asked some questions she accidentally said what she was thinking out loud.

Rape of the Lock Satirical Devices Essay

From the excerpts studied in The Rape of the Lock, Alexander Pope skilfully uses the mock epic genre to satirize the trifling nature of his society through exaggeration, parody and juxtaposition in rhyming couplets. The epic form makes everything larger than life which Pope uses to reveal the absurdity of the society he lives in. A simple card game is turned into a complex â€Å"combat on [a] velvet plain,† which exaggerates the little action that actually takes place in the Canto. In the card game called Ombre, hands are not just hands. They represent armies of different suites. Face cards are â€Å"four kings in majesty revered, with hoary whiskers and a forky beard† ,†four fair queens whose hands sustain a flower, the expressive emblem of their softer power† and â€Å"four knaves in garb succinct, a trusty band, caps on their heads and halberds in their hand.† Pope also parodies the epic form in order to depict questionable values in his time. A feast is a scene common in epics like Beowulf and is mirrored by the coffee scene in this mock epic. â€Å"The board with cups and spoons is crowned† shows the great worth placed on China and utensils. Instead of vessels to hold beverages, Pope portrays them as â€Å"China’s earth [that] receives the smoking tide.† Coffee is almost given supernatural powers since it â€Å"makes the politician wise, and see through all things with his half-shut eyes.† The coffee is the â€Å"fuming liquor† that â€Å"sent up in vapors to the baron’s brain,† giving him the idea to plan to cut off a lock of Belinda’s hair. Pope combines the ordinary with the unusual with simplicity to suggest the triviality of the values of his time through the juxtaposition in rhyming couplets. Canto III describes Hampton Court where Queen lives â€Å"whom three realms obey, dost sometimes counsel take – and sometimes tea,† which sets the tone for the events to follow in the court. He suggests that â€Å"One speaks the glory of British Queen, and one describes a charming Indian screen; a third interprets motions, looks, eyes; at every word a reputation dies† through the conversation of the ladies and gentlemen in court, describing society’s twisted value system. Pope uses aspects of the mock epic to satirize his society’s irresponsibility. He uses exaggeration to mock misplaced importance. He takes specific scenes and uses parody to illustrate the irrelevance of rituals such as coffee drinking. He uses the structure of rhyming couplets to contrast the ordinary with the extraordinary to reveal how important things are considered.

Creative Ideas for Extracurricular Activities

Creative Ideas for Extracurricular Activities Rubiks Cube may not seem to have much to do with college admissions, but anything an applicant is passionate about can be transformed into a winning piece of a college application. This article explores how Rubiks Cube and other quirky interests can become meaningful extracurricular activities. Avoiding Burn-Out in High School A high school student wrote in the college admissions forum that he was worried about his burn-out and his lack of extracurricular activities. He also mentioned his passion for Rubiks Cube. This combination of passion and burn-out gets to the heart of a good college application strategy. Far too many students join clubs, compete in sports, and play instruments because they feel these activities are essential for getting into college, not because they actually have any passion for these extracurriculars. When you spend a lot of time doing something you dont love, you will burn out. What Can Count as an Extracurricular Activity? College applicants should think broadly about what can be defined as an extracurricular activity (see What Counts as an Extracurricular Activity?). Not everyone can be or wants to be class president, drum major, or the lead in the school play. And the truth is, unusual extracurricular activities are going to make your application stand out more than membership in Chess Club and Debate Team (mind you, Chess Club and Debate Team are both fine extracurriculars). So, getting back to the Rubiks Cube can ones love of the Cube be classified as an extracurricular? If handled correctly, yes. No college will be impressed by the applicant who spends four hours a day sitting alone in a room playing with a puzzle, but consider something like this example: if youre really into cubing and decided to make a cube club at your school, finding others who were interested and creating the club, it could look good on an application because it shows that youre taking charge and starting something that will be beneficial for others. Heres a Rubiks Cube lover who turned that passion into a school club. The applicant demonstrates leadership and organization skills by taking the initiative to transform his passion into something more than a solitary hobby. And note that leadership is key when it comes to the best extracurricular activities. An impressive extracurricular isnt defined by the activity itself, but by what the student accomplishes with the activity. The student could take this club one step further to accomplish the dual goals of getting into college and helping others how about using the club to fundraise for a charity? Create a Rubiks Cube competition; collect donations; get sponsors use the club to raise money and awareness for a worthy cause. The main point here isnt just about Rubiks Cube, but about extracurriculars. The best college applicants remain true to their interests and passions. Think broadly and creatively about extracurriculars to figure out how to transform your passions into something meaningful that will be a pleasure for you, a benefit to others, and an impressive part on your college application.

Flew the Coop Essays - Diver Down, Inodoro Pereyra, Free Essays

Flew the Coop Essays - Diver Down, Inodoro Pereyra, Free Essays Flew the Coop Flew the Coop On June 6, 1982 I became an adult not a man, but an adult. That same week I graduated from Santa Barbara High School. I turned eighteen and went down to the DMV and passed my driver license exam and was given my first used car. It was one of those very first Hondas they made, so small; it had a motorcycle engine or a lawn mower motor. I dont know much about cars but I think someone told me it was a 2-cylinder engine and the car was so tiny that if I hung my arm out the driver window my knuckles scraped along the road. I hadnt needed a license before that because we lived right next to the High School right there on Nopal Street, and my parents taught me how to drive in the school parking lot. I got a 99 on the driver test and passed with flying colors my first time out. I didnt ask the DMV examiner why I missed that one point, but I think it was because I picked my nose at the last intersection. Im not a perfectionist so I didnt insist on taking the test again. Are you crazy? I was f ree now! Well, sort of. Even thought my parents had given the car to me and paid for it (I think it cost $350) they were kind of sending me mixed signals. I mean, they bought it for me because they wanted me to be have freedom and independence and lots of fun right? Or did they give it to me to drive away forever? I recall my mother always telling us that when you kids are eighteen youre on your own. I thought she meant it, you know, figuratively. But thats literally what happened. You see the plans for college fell through at the end of my senior year, primarily because I gave up on the whole idea. Now I just had a part-time job working at the local ice cream shop. I had a position as a soda jerk. When I got hired a couple years later at a hotel, the interviewer looked over my resume and he said hed never heard anyone refer to himself as a soda jerk. I didnt answer, but he chuckled and gave me the job anyway. You know when you go to an interview and they say, name three words to describe yourself? My prepared answer would be: versatile, enthusiastic, and um, jerk. Whats the adjective of jerk? Jerky? So that summer I was jerking around - no doubt about that. One morning my mom said she was going to borrow my car. I didnt object as they had bought it for me, but I forgot that there was a case o f empty beer bottles in the back seat. She came in the house yelling. It smells like brewery in that car! Im sure I had some wise retort or lame explanation. I think I told her that we hadnt actually drunk all the beer in the car itself. Where did you drink them then? she insisted on knowing. We had gone to Gibralter Road in the mountains and chugged the case in the dark up there where teenagers used to go in those days. Im still laughing now, imagining my mom driving to the supermarket with a case of empty beer bottles clanking around and enfumed by the odor of stale alcohol. It would have been real funny if she got pulled over. What would she have told the officer? Needless to say, I had a typical amount of contempt most kids that age have for their parents and I was pushing the limits to all degrees. Again, psychologically speaking, it was probably a self-fulfilling and unconscious act. I would never have thought that I actually wanted to get kicked out of the house, but in retrospect, its quite obvious now that I was making it happen and really fast. Another example is the personal diary I kept under my bed. I mean, talk about stupid. What was I thinking? Yes, I mentioned in a past chapter that I have always kept personal notebooks to record my thoughts,

Parental involvement through Sexuality Education in Singapore. Essay Example

Parental involvement through Sexuality Education in Singapore. Essay Example Parental involvement through Sexuality Education in Singapore. Essay Parental involvement through Sexuality Education in Singapore. Essay Education under the undertaking Alternate . By analyzing and analyzing our instance survey on Netherlands, we seek to implement options to increase parental engagement through the instruction of Sexuality Education in Singapore. Rationale for pick We have chosen gender instruction as our country of concern as the current methods in gender instruction is non effectual in visible radiation of the modern young person civilization. School-based gender instruction in Singapore is incorporated into scientific discipline, wellness instruction and civics and moral instruction topics. The Ministry of Education[ 1 ]( MOE ) has besides introduced the Growing Old ages[ 2 ]( GY ) series every bit good as Breaking Down Barriers[ 3 ]( BDB ) programme which is compulsory for all authorities schools to follow. Parents are besides given the option to opt-out their kids from go toing these programmes. In position of a more broad and open-minded society, young persons are progressively receptive to new thoughts, and are easy and most influenced by the mass media. This is supported from our primary research, where pupils are asked on the grade of influence of the parents, teachers/counselors, equals and the media have on them in footings of supplying them with cognition and advice sing sex instruction. The advancement of mass media has overtaken the current steps initiated by MOE in encompassing healthy development of gender amongst the younger coevals in Singapore. This is farther substantiated by the increasing tendency[ 4 ]of teenage gestations and sexually familial infections ( STIs ) , where they are prosecuting in sexual activities at a far younger age. Therefore, the function of parents in gender instruction is important in educating their kids about sex in an environment of openness, thereby heightening kids s understanding on topic. The current attack of leting parents to hold the option of choosing out their kids from gender negotiations provided by the school contradicts with base of MOE recognizing that parents are the most of import pedagogue in gender instruction[ 5 ]. Mentioning to our primary informations gathered, 66 % of the pupils surveyed feel that parents are non making adequate and are non actively involved in their gender instruction. Therefore, by supplying parents with the opt-out option, it does non to the full prosecute or include them in educating their kids and hence it is an unequal attack taken by the MOE. As compared to parents who are still encompassing the more conservative Asiatic values, young persons have immensely conflicting values and this consequences in differences between their mentalities wholly. Regardless of their backgrounds, parents have to step in and be responsible in educating their kids on gender issues. However, there is trouble in this as most parents are uncomfortable[ 6 ]with discoursing these issues with their kids. This is a consequence of the new mentality of our coevals on the subject of gender. To counter the job, the MOE should join forces more closely with parents in order to relieve the conflicting values of parents and young persons with a more holistic course of study that is, besides, more applicable to our coevals of young persons. Hence, the options must supply a strong and broad scope of accomplishments to adolescents in the dealing of gender issues. This subject is highly of import, as it addresses the younger population, who will organize the majority of our hereafter stakeholders in Singapore. Purposes and Aims We aim to authorise parents with better accomplishments and cognition in educating their kids on gender issues. Our aims are to: To open up parents towards discoursing the sensitive subject of gender to their kids. To advance effectual parent-child communicating. To enable pupils think through the possible effects of their determinations instead than turn them off with a moralistic attack. Scope of undertaking Target Audience Parents: Our primary mark audience is parents of pupils from Raffles Girls School ( Secondary ) and Raffles Institution ( Secondary ) . Students: Our secondary mark audience is pupils from secondary schools. Research Focus With the chief focal point on increasing parental engagement in gender instruction, we plan to transport out our undertaking over a span of 5 months through a multi-tiered attack ; encapsulating both the affected group ( Youth ) every bit good as the wider community they are a portion of ( Families/parents and School ) , covering our primary purpose ( healthy development of gender for young persons ) . Research Methodology Primary Data We interviewed Mr Leo Hee Khian[ 7 ], a pupil Advisor from Raffles Instituition. Online studies were given out to secondary school pupils from authorities and independent[ 8 ]schools. This is to guarantee a better representative of the pupil population in Singapore as schools transporting Integrated Programmes may offer a different attack in transporting out their gender instruction plan to their pupils. Surveies were besides distributed to parents through the Raffles Parents Association ( RPA )[ 9 ]and Parents for Raffles Girls School AssociationA ( PRGS Association )[ 10 ]to garner information on their beliefs and mentalities sing the current teaching method and course of study of Singapore s gender instruction so as to assist us craft a better method of direction. Secondary Datas As gender instruction is a sensitive yet of import issue, there have been many active treatments on online forums every bit good as newspaper articles associating to the content of its course of study. There are a assortment of published studies and diaries on all facets of gender instruction which are available for reappraisal. We reviewed several instance surveies of different states utilizing the internet resources on how they deliver their course of study, providing to kids and young persons of different age groups. The function of parents in educating their immature is besides studied to garner information on how they can lend most efficaciously in developing their kids. Chapter 2 Case STUDY: Netherlands AND USA Nederlands Overview The Dutch Model was formulated, concentrating on empowerment and common regard in a relationship among young persons. aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ + parent engagement Advantages The Dutch Model provides accurate information sing hazards associated with pre-marital sex and equal information sing contraceptive method and birth control methods. It focuses on values, attitudes, communications and dialogue accomplishments. It helps young persons to cover with equal and other societal force per unit areas ; supplying chances to pattern communicating, dialogue and averment accomplishments. Disadvantages Sexuality instruction course of study might non be comprehendible to immature kids and therefore the effectivity of course of study may be questioned. As gender is a sensitive subject, it may do parents to choose their kids out of the programme. The Dutch Model does non extinguish the hazard of gestations or STDS as it excludes the instruction of prophylactic methods to young persons. United States of America ( USA ) Overview Sexual activity instruction in USA chiefly focuses on recommending abstention, but more schools are now offering abstinence-plus course of study[ 11 ]. There are many sellers and organisations which have assorted programmes[ 12 ]catered to different age group and a scope of socio-economic background, such as white middle-class, African-americans, hapless, parents of 11-15 old ages old. Advantages Through abstention and abstinence-plus course of study, the values of abstention can play an of import function in assisting adolescents in defying the media and peer force per unit area, as the young persons are populating in a sex-saturated civilization where holding insouciant sex is the norm. The abstinence-only course of study[ 13 ]focal points on two tined attack: It places more accent on societal, emotional and psychological facets of sex ; it besides educates adolescents sing love, familiarity and committedness. On the other manus, the abstinence-plus course of study seeks to cut down teenage gestations and STDs as a consequence from unprotected sexual activity ; hence it teaches adolescents sing contraceptive method methods. Coupled with direct support[ 14 ]and support for the abstention programme by the authorities, it allows more resources to be pulled in for a more effectual gender instruction. Based on studies[ 15 ]conducted, consequences has shown that there is overpowering parental support for abstention course of study. Furthermore, since many parents in America are Christians, coupled with the fact that the bulk of the faith in America preaches abstention ( no sex until matrimony ) , every bit good as many abstention related subjects ( love, committedness, etc ) , this will intend that most parents are to the full cognizant of what their kids are being taught in schools. Thus they can complement the current gender course of study, doing it more effectual. Disadvantages With the approachs of our X-generation young persons, the thought of abstention may non be relevant with the modern American society and civilization. Adolescents are holding a more broad mentality, chiefly as a consequence of the mass media. Surveies[ 16 ]conducted showed that holding pre-marital sex is the norm for many adolescents as a consequence of many factors, such as equal force per unit area and the modern dad civilization. While schools are mostly involved in battle against teenage gestations, there is no standard course of study taught to pupils throughout every school[ 17 ]. Not all parents are agreeable on the content of course of study due to differing positions as a consequence of spiritual or race differences as some faiths[ 18 ]may non favor the abstention or abstention plus-approach. Similarities drawn USA was chosen as the 2nd instance as it is a really developed state with its people holding a really broad mentality, and this is something we aspire for Singapore to accomplish, where parents and kid will happen it less awkward and more comfy in discuss gender. Furthermore, both America and Singapore s gender instruction both accents on abstention, hence, by larning the attack and the ( positive and negative ) deductions of America s gender instruction, we can so use it to Singapore s context. Like Singapore, USA is a multi-racial state and hence this will no uncertainty impact the attack to learning gender instruction as a consequence of differing positions. Chapter 3 Singapore Current Tendencies on gender instruction MOE set a model on the gender instruction course of study which all schools have to follow. The cardinal guiding rules of gender instruction are: Parents bear the chief duty for the gender instruction of their kids ; Sexuality instruction is premised on the importance of the heterosexual married household as the basic unit of society ; The instruction of facts is integrated with the instruction of values, which reflect that of the mainstream society ; Students will be taught to understand and esteem the attitudes, values and beliefs sing gender that other communities propagate ; Specially selected and trained instructors are to learn the Turning Years bundle ; and relevant resources in the community will be brought in to complement school resources for gender instruction. This model encourages parents to be actively involved in educating their kids as they bear the chief duty . While all authorities secondary schools are to follow the Turning Old ages[ 19 ]series and independent schools may hold their ain programmes, parents are able to hold the option of choosing out their kids from the gender instruction bundle. Alternatively, schools may prosecute external sellers[ 20 ]approved by MOE. The current approved external administrations conduct programmes in the signifier of workshop and seminars as a teaching method of learning gender instruction, which merely a few includes the engagement of parents. The demand for affecting parents As parents are given the opt-in and opt-out option, this suggests that the gender instruction in Singapore is non a fool-proof program. Essential issues affecting the cognitive, emotional, societal, physical and moral facets of gender may be neglected by parents who chose to choose out their kids from the programme. Embraced by conservative Asiatic values, these parents have non yet been fused with the broad and unfastened mentality that our universe today portions. Furthermore, a big per centum, 70 % , of the young persons we surveyed felt that their parents were non being actively involved plenty in their gender instruction. Besides, merely one-fourth of the young persons objected to their parents being involved in their gender instruction. Through research, we found that parents have a large influence in the determinations teens make about sex below the age of 16[ 21 ]. However, from the consequences[ 22 ]we gathered from our study, it seems that many parents are non cognizant of the importance on the influence they have on their kids s determination devising. Hence, it is evident that we have to bridge this spread in thought and acquire the parents more actively involved in their kids gender instruction programme. Lessons Learnt Assurance is cardinal Constructing good resonance between parents and kid is of import in interrupting down coevals spread as in enhances effectual communicating. This will greatly cut down the extent of differing/conflicting positions and beliefs, enabling parents to supply accurate information sing gender issues to their kids. Parents are found to possess accomplishments of being an pedagogue, and their natural function in sex instruction is apparent. Yet many parents are non recognizing their full potency as an pedagogue due to grounds such as being uncomfortable in speaking with their kids about the topic and besides deficiency of cognition about anatomy, physiology, or other related information. Hence, they frequently feel diffident and embarrassed to keep treatments due to the deficiency of assurance in educating kids on gender. Therefore, bureaus should see incorporating parents to the full into their wellness instruction schemes. Making consciousness of course of study amongst parents While the school provides basic sex instruction, parents must be cognizant that the cognition and information presented or taught in schools are merely auxiliary, and parents themselves play a polar function in educating their kids at place, since morality issues sing sex are largely non covered in schools[ 23 ]. Therefore moral issues and duty must be taught by the parents of the kid when it comes to sex. The influence of mass media Any parent can certify to the waxy, unquestioning and imitative nature of their kid, and since the mass media is one of the most outstanding beginnings of the kid s mentality of the outside universe, the changeless repeat of sexual contents on the telecasting will no uncertainty act upon the kid s mentality to a certain extent. Developed Schemes Equiping parents Schools can prosecute professionals, experts and even successful parents to present presentations or keep little workshops. Awareness is therefore developed among parents on the importance of keeping conversations with their kids sing gender instruction. Parent -Teacher coaction To prosecute pupils through coaction between parents and instructors in planing an effectual usage of teaching method within the programme. Prosecuting young persons and parents on the net Making a forum to keep treatments enable young persons to freely show their positions or sentiments sing gender. Acknowledging that most thoughts conveyed by equals and the media may be misdirecting, we decided to lasso in trainers/ counselors qualified in the field of gender instruction to rectify any misconception young persons may hold, and to supply proper advice to them. Besides, by prosecuting parents to supervise these forums, they are able to lend to the treatment by posting their positions at the same clip. This will profit parents greatly, leting them to hold a general deeper apprehension in young persons Proposed Options Parent Education Programs Schools may tie-in school events with parent instruction plans to better grownups accomplishments for educating and pass oning with young person, particularly about gender and generative wellness. . Reviewing the bringing of gender instruction programme The Raffles Parents Association can keep a meeting with instructors every 6 months to reexamine the teaching method of presenting the programme. During their reappraisals, they should include the positions of parents about the content of the gender instruction programme that ought to be taught in school. The ground being that parents have a better thought of what their striplings mentality are about the subject of sex every bit good as the exposure that their teens have on the subject. This can be done by holding feedbacks from parents online through the Raffles portal web site, for easiness of communicating. With these feedbacks and reappraisals, our school can hold a more efficient, relevant and effectual manner of presenting gender instruction messages to pupils every bit good as holding a more impactful one. Involving experts into young person online forums As opposed to parents restricting the inflow of information from the mass media which is highly impractical, on-line portals ( e.g. youth.sg ) can be developed for striplings to portion their ideas on the subject of gender. A gender instruction forum will be designed in the on-line portal such that unfastened and healthy treatments can be fostered, on occasion with the advice of experts. Young persons are able to present inquiries and they are responded by qualified[ 24 ]trainers and counselors in this field. Chapter 4: Action Plan Parent Education Programme ( PEP ) Key Players / Stakeholders Schools Secondary schools serve as a platform in enabling parents to take part in the plans easy as their kids maintain them updated with approaching of import school events. Our mark group will be Raffles Girls School ( Secondary ) and Raffles Institution ( Secondary ) in peculiar. Non-Governmental Organisations ( NGOs )[ 25 ] NGOs have the power to consequence widespread alteration A ; topographic point force per unit area on other cardinal participants to pull off the tendencies. Examples of relevant expertness are the Institute of Advanced Parentology[ 26 ]( IAP ) , Focus on the Family[ 27 ]. Experts, professionals and facilitators in the relevant Fieldss will be invited. Successful parents Parents who have successfully overcome their fright and/or embarrassment in pass oning with their kid sing gender issues will be invited to talk. Rationale for our proposed action plan/ class of action Tiing up with two of import school maps such as Briefings to Secondary 1-4 Parents ( held at the start of the every twelvemonth the school principal ) and Parent-Teacher Meetings ( held in the 2nd semester every twelvemonth ) will be utile in capturing a broad audience. This programme is to supply accomplishments to parents to pass on with striplings through these two synergistic workshops. Parents will therefore be more equipped in educating their kids about healthy sexual development and determination devising. Action Plan The organizing commission of the several school maps will include a short Parent Education Programme workshop where presentations are held by wellness professionals and rearing experts from assorted NGOs of relevant field. More male facilitators will besides be invited instead than most of the clip merely female facilitators are present. This is to promote more engagement of male parents because same-sex parent-child communicating at place tends to work better[ 28 ]. Successful parents will be engaged to portion their experience on how they dealt with challenges while educating their kids on gender issues. They will be able to supply information parents want and need every bit good as reference the concerns and frights of the audience. These real-life illustrations will enable parents to get cognition and information on how unfastened communicating can be cultivated in order to portion their values and beliefs with their kids efficaciously, while going more sceptered to go effectual gender pedagogues of their kids. A mass get offing parents via the school depicting the plan will inform parents about the inside informations of the available workshops. These workshops, binding in with school maps, will be scheduled on weekends ( Saturday and Sunday ) so as to avoid upseting their work agendas during weekdays. Feasibility Parent negotiations are extremely executable as it has been done in most schools. However, it is hard to aim all parents to remain on for negotiations given their busy daily agendas and other committednesss. They may hold work duties, peculiarly amongst the low income groups or households with exclusive breadwinners, where gender instruction may non be perceived as of import in such households. Solutions To do the programme an impactful one, advanced and synergistic presentation techniques[ 29 ]can be used in carry oning this workshop to capture the involvement of audience efficaciously. Besides, inducements can be offered to promote greater engagement in workshops, including light refreshments and awards such as verifiers and rearing books. Reviewing the bringing of gender instruction programme Key Players / Stakeholders Raffles Parents Association ( RPA ) and Parents of Raffles Girls School Association ( PRGS Association ) Parent support groups for the Raffles household. They represent the proportion of parents in Raffles, supervising general affairs in and out of the course of study. Teachers They are the chief beginning of medium in school which pupils get their gender instruction from. They deliver the course of study and impart accomplishments and cognition to pupils. Rationale for our proposed action plan/ class of action Through the reappraisal of the course of study, parents will hold a better thought of their striplings mentality on the subject of gender every bit good as the exposure that they have on the subject. Hence, parents can supply valuable feedbacks and positions as to what should be included or emphasised on during the instruction of gender instruction to pupils. Action Plan Feedbacks are to be collected from parents through the RPA and PRGS Association online portals for the easiness of communicating. Besides, we can use our Raffles chief web site to associate parents to the portals for more convenience. The RPA and PRGS Association will keep a meeting with instructors at least one time every 6 months to reexamine the content and the teaching method of the gender instruction course of study designed by the Raffles schools. Valuable and insightful feedbacks from parents should be brought Forth in these meetings, to be discussed and considered amongst the instructors and members of RPA and PRGS Association. Feasibility For this proposed option to be successful, we need the cooperation of parents to be actively involved and concerned about the contents taught to their kids on the subject of gender. They have to cognize that they play a large function in their gender instruction. Additionally, male childs and misss differing biological make-up and hence, some content taught may non be relevant to each gender if sexuality instruction is taught to youth in general. Some of import sections[ 30 ]are therefore left out which might be built-in to the physical and psychological development of young persons. Solutions A different course of study can be catered to different gender to accommodate each gender s demands consequently. All schools, depending if they are coeducational schools, may follow two course of studies providing for each gender, so that gender instruction can be taught individually for the misss and male childs. Involving experts into online forums Key Players / Stakeholders SgForums.com A reputable online portal which discusses a assortment of subjects related to the current universe today. Outstanding subjects are put into forums, where netizens are accessible to the latest intelligence and treatments. There is besides a forum named SgSexForums dedicated to discussion about gender, and we are looking at incorporating gender instruction into this forum. . Professionals and experts They will be invited to be on the panel of forum, so as to react to any questions or positions posed by young persons. They are trained experts from local gender instruction sellers which are approved by MOE, every bit good as advisers and professionals majoring in the development of young person. Young persons Youths serves as an of import voice for parents to hold a deeper apprehension on their positions and concerns. This can assist to contract the communicating spread between the two coevalss as parents are more cognizant of their demands and wants sing gender instruction. A ­Schools Given primary positions expressed by pupils in the forum, schools will work around the demands and wants of the pupils, giving feedbacks to the MOE. Understanding what young persons are concerned with, a more convincing course of study can so be developed to turn to their demands. Rationale for our proposed action plan/ class of action Forums by and large receive much attending from the Singaporean young person communities, and web portals such as STOMP and sgforums.com are known to stand for the voice of the young person society. Although earlier research findings showed that media platforms render young persons susceptible to negative messages about gender, however we still believe that they are powerful tools through which we can set our thoughts across. We are looking at accommodating mass media and healthy treatment of gender issues, and this can be achieved through online forums discoursing about the local gender instruction. Through proper designing of the forums and prosecuting trained experts on the relevant subjects, we believe these online forums will assist to guarantee a more unfastened gender instruction excluding the restraints of school course of study, whereby young persons can do themselves heard. This helps us to accomplish our aim of a more open-minded society towards gender issues, which is ins trumental in assisting parents take charge of their kids s sexual good being. Action Plan Two separate forums will be set up in the on-line portal catered to both young persons and parents. All stations are accessible to the populace, and this allows each stakeholder to be cognizant of the different point of views that youths or parents have. Certified experts from sex instruction sellers will be invited to originate unchained treatment about gender, and besides answer assorted questions that youths or parents might hold. In add-on, we will prosecute parent support groups to supervise these forums and input their ain experiences, furthering healthy argument. As such, any deceptive positions will be corrected by qualified professionals, forestalling young persons from obtaining wrong information from undependable beginnings on the cyberspace. Feasibility Popular local web forums like STOMP ( Youthphoria ) and youth.sg promote unconstrained treatments about societal issues, and promote young persons to portion about their perceptual experiences of the universe around them. Many forums are besides initiated by young persons to discourse the quality of their gender instruction. One restriction, nevertheless, would be that the forums might be prone to defamatory and provocative remarks by insensitive users. Solutions Inappropriate remarks may be marked as Spam by other users, automatically concealing the remark. Besides, parent support groups can be tasked to take charge of these forums as decision makers, chiefly to fuel healthy argument about gender issues based on their ain experiences. Benefits of our program Primary Data We managed to acquire consequences from a relevant yet broad spectrum of the population. This is apparent from the ages of the respondents, which range from 13-18 every bit good as their educational degree which include pupils from the secondary degree and junior colleges. There is besides an about equal mix of responses from both males and females every bit good. With this, we can do certain that we can do certain that the spread across the population is non biased in any manner due to unsimilarities between the above groups ( e.g. hormonal differences, difference in academic demands ) and therefore can convey representative consequences of all young persons in general as required by our undertaking subject. Chapter 5: Decision Strengths Through this undertaking, we have gained a many-sided apprehension of the gender instruction state of affairs in Singapore, through surveying and questioning our cardinal stakeholders. Value-added by extended research online, we are now cognizant of the assorted cognition spreads in the course of study and our developed schemes can efficaciously decide them. For illustration, one contradiction we identified would be that MOE allows parents to choose out of the course of study, even though they stress the importance of parental engagement in school-based gender instruction. Translating our programs into world, through prosecuting trained experts to reply assorted questions posed by young persons and parents, we are guaranting that young persons do non have the incorrect information or acquire misled by undependable beginnings from the cyberspace. Furthermore, our Parent Education Programme ( PEP ) serves to increase parental consciousness about their kids s wellbeing at school, even if parents opt their kids out of the gender instruction course of study. Ultimately, we aim at heightening parent-child communicating and deciding the contradictions in the current course of study through our developed schemes. Restrictions Inaccuracy in study responses from pupils and parents There is a chance of them non being honest in replying inquiries due to conservative nature and sensitiveness of subject. Adolescents opposition to parental engagement Young persons may be uncomfortable in showing their positions in forums in the presence of parents. Without striplings engagement, the on-line portal will non be effectual in functioning as a platform for active and unfastened treatments for both stakeholders. Possible Improvements An betterment would be spread outing the range to provide to assorted faiths. Since Singapore is a multi-racial society, some faiths may non prophesy values that are in line with what MOE offers on abstention and the instruction of preventives. This would ensue in a struggle of involvements among the pedagogues, parents, spiritual organisations and the adolescents themselves, who might be diffident as to which philosophy to follow. Hence, it would be best to develop a scheme that would extensively provide to the distinguishable faiths in Singapore. This will let parents to be more positive in imparting their support, after cognizing that their faiths philosophies tie in with the proposed scheme. Future Developments We hope to widen the undertaking by including parents from other Secondary Schools. We can utilize the consequences obtained from RI and RGS to estimate the effectivity of our proposed options and do farther betterments. Successful parents, who have benefited from the options proposed, can portion their penetrations and lessons learnt from them, during the PEP conducted in other Secondary Schools. Chapter 6 BIBLIOGRPAHY Web sites: Release of the turning old ages series for upper secondary: Sense and Sexuality. Retrieved 8 May 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.moe.gov.sg/media/press/2002/pr24082002.htm gt ; Japan: A new spin on Sexual activity Education for a Sexier New Generation. Retrieved 8 May 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thebody.com/content/world/art26583.html gt ; MOE s Sexuality Education in Schools. Retrieved 17 June 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vjc.moe.edu.sg/website/moes-sexuality-education-in-schools.html gt ; MOE s Scope and Teaching Approach if Sexuality Education in Schools. Retrieved 17 June 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.moe.gov.sg/education/programmes/social-emotional-learning/sexuality-education/scope/ gt ; HPB Parents function in sex instruction. Retrieved 17 June 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hpb.gov.sg/sexualhealth/article.aspx? id=7162 gt ; Focus on the Family Singapore. Retrieved 17 June 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.family.org.sg/default.aspx? cat=51 gt ; Focus on the Family studies on parents rating. Retrieved 17 June 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2004/01/What-Do-Parents-Want-Taught-in Sex- Education-Programs gt ; Students positions on Sex Ed Curriculum. Retrieved 23 July 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //entertainment.xin.msn.com/en/radio/938live/calocalnews.aspx? cp-documentid=3956054 gt ; ADVERT. Retrieved 23 July 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.avert.org/sex-education.htm gt ; Advocates for Young person: Parents Sexual activity Ed Centre. Retrieved 23 July, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.advocatesforyouth.org/index.phpoption=com_content A ; task=view A ; id=108 A ; Itemid=206 gt ; On-line Diaries and Articles: Aaron Ng, 19 December 2006: Prenuptial Sexual activity: Whose load? Retrieved 8 May 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.singaporeangle.com/2006/12/premarital-sex-whose-burden.html gt ; Teaching about sex ca nt be separated from learning values. Retrieved 8 May 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.straitstimes.com/STForum/Story/STIStory_523565.html gt ; Teaching abstention wo nt make. Recover 8 May 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.straitstimes.com/STForum/OnlineStory/STIStory_523459.html gt ; Model to Comprehensive Sexuality Education IPPF Framework. Retrieved 8 May 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ippf.org/NR/rdonlyres/CE7711F7-C0F0-4AF5-A2D5-1E1876C24928/0/Sexuality.pdf gt ; Review and Rationale for Involving Parents in Health Promotion. Retrieved 8 May 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.safehealthyschools.org/old_files/Research % 20Review % 20and % 20Rationale % 20for % 20Involving % 20Parents.pdf gt ; Publius terentius afer, 28 December 2008: Let s speak sex. Retrieved 8 May 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //theonlinecitizen.com/2008/12/lets-talk-sex/ gt ; Impact of a theoretically based sex instruction programme ( SHARE ) delivered by instructors on NHS registered constructs and expirations: concluding consequences of bunch randomised test. Retrieved 23 July 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bmj.com/content/334/7585/133.full gt ; MOE investigates ailments over AWARE s Sex Ed programme. Retrieved 23 July 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/426254/1/.html gt ; Joost Van loon: Deconstructing the Dutch Utopia. Retrieved 23 July 2009, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.famyouth.org.uk/pdfs/DDU.pdf gt ; Gayane Ghukasyan, Addressing HIV/AIDS through School-Based Education Programme. Retrieved 29 July 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.policy.hu/ghukasyan/Final_PolicyPaper.pdf gt ; Yoshiro Hatano and Tsuguo Shimazaki: Demographics and a Historical Perspective. Retrieved 29 July 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/IES/japan.html # 1 gt ; Sexual activity Education and a scriptural position. Retrieved 29 July 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/sex-ed.html gt ; Parents and Sex Education. Retrieved 21 August 10, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/sexeducation_parents.htm gt ; Parents Speak Up National Campaign Encourages Parent-Child Communication about Sex, Study Finds. Retrieved 21 August 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.4parents.gov/psunc_media_messages_news_release_html_version.html gt ; Involving Parents in Reproductive Health Education for Youth. Retrieved 22 August 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pathfind.org/pf/pubs/focus/IN % 20FOCUS/inv_parents.htm gt ; Larry G. Brady: How to Raise Kids without Climbing the Walls. Retrieved 22 August 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com.sg/booksid=bThRzH6jj6gC A ; pg=PA94 A ; lpg=PA94 A ; dq=psychological+impacts+of+premarital+sex A ; source=bl A ; ots=mEZkGOHwn8 A ; sig=7DcootQgLDKMV1P_n3lY-pfn0hw A ; hl=en A ; ei=bc1XTL7DAYy5rAfo86mOBQ A ; sa=X A ; oi=book_result A ; ct=result A ; resnum=6 A ; ved=0CDEQ6AEwBQ # v=onepage A ; q A ; f=false gt ; Involving Parents In Reproductive Health Decisions. Retrieved from 22 August 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.californiateenhealth.org/download/Involving_parents.pdf gt ; Joy L Walker: A qualitative survey of parents experiences of supplying sex instruction for their kids: The deductions for wellness instruction. Retrieved 22 August 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //hej.sagepub.com/content/60/2/132.abstract gt ; State Policies in Brief: Sexual activity and STI/HIV Education. Retrieved 27 August 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.guttmacher.org/statecenter/spibs/spib_SE.pdf gt ; Religious Communities and Sexuality Education. Retrieved 27 August 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.rcrc.org/pdf/SexEd.pdf gt ; Patricia Donovan, July/August 1998: School-Based Sexuality Education: The Issues and Challenges. Retrieved 27 August 2010, from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //guttmacher.com/pubs/journals/3018898.html gt ; Newspaper Articles: Sharon Jason, ( 22 August 2010 ) How the USA compares in learning teens about sex, USA TODAY. Tan, H.Y. and Teo E. , ( 21 August 2010 ) , Sex Education: Too small, excessively late, and excessively obscure? , The Straits Times Serene Goh, ( 21 August 2010 ) , Let s talk with kids about sex, The Straits Times Tan, H.Y. , ( 21 August 2010 ) , Asia dawdling in gender instruction, The Straits Times Leow, S.W. , Ong, C. , ( 21 August 2010 ) , St Patrick s objects to condom picture, The Straits Times Charissa Yong, ( 12 August 2010 ) , No sex please, we re Chinese, The Straits Times Liew H.Q. , ( 29 July 2010 ) , Schools engaging sex instruction experts once more, The Straits Times Liew H.Q. , ( 30 April 2010 ) , Govt calls for more transparence in gender instruction, The Straits Times Amelia Tan, Theresa Tan and Yeo Sam Jo, ( 25 May 2009 ) , Sex instruction: Experts identify 2 weak links , The Straits Times Irene Tan, ( 9 February 2010 ) , Aware bows out of sex instruction for now, The Straits Times Videos: Sexual activity instruction for kids lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=aMf0WbB-F4I gt ; Health Promotion Board Choices Teen Sexuality Education lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=B6acvEJRzxo gt ;

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

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Research Paper on Qatar Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On Qatar - Research Paper Example English speakers tend to include the â€Å"t† in the second syllable of the name, which is a tension of sort that mirrors the complication political tension between the native Arabs and the foreign Western powers such as the British Empire. Today, Qatar is a relatively well-developed, progressive-looking Arab state that has much in common with the West, but still retains many of the traditions and ethnic identities that define it as an Islamic monarchy. Each of the distinct aspects of Qatar, including its geography and political structure, are deserving of a closer look for anyone trying to understand the country better. In terms of the country’s location, Qatar is a small state that shares its own border with Saudi Arabia. The country sits on the northeastern corner of its much larger neighbor on a peninsula that juts out into the Persian Gulf. Across the Persian Gulf from Qatar lies Iran, and across a narrow strait in the Gulf lies the island nation of Bahrain. Relatively close to Qatar and its neighbor Saudi Arabia is the United Arab Emirates. This location as a peninsula proximate to Saudi Arabia does not pose a political threat to the tiny nation of Qatar, but instead has proven to be an advantage for Qatar’s growth. For instance, during the Persian Gulf War, Qatar military forces joined the coalition against Iraq in stabilizing the Middle East. Within its space, Qatar has excelled and has built favorable relations with its neighbors. Geographically, Qatar is not only small but also flat. As was mentioned previously, Qatar is a small nation based on a peninsula jutting out from neighboring Saudi Arabia. The peninsula is just about 100 miles (or 160 km) in length, which is roughly the same length as Delaware. Much of that length consists of barren plain covered with sand, without much in terms of high fixtures or rock faces. One interesting feature of Qatar

Current Asset Management and Financing Research Paper

Current Asset Management and Financing - Research Paper Example d patient load affect their day to day operations of hospitals, but other systemic and structural factors outside their realm of control cause major operational limitations. For hospitals in general, rising operational costs and shrinking profit margins have negatively affected the industry. It is estimated that in the U.S. around a third of all hospitals are operating with negative profit margins (Sussman, Jordahl, 2010). Some of the major macroeconomic factors affecting their financial viability are: Outdated and Inefficient Administrative Processes- The lack of computerized payment process systems, manual procedures, repetitive rework of outstanding claims and redundant data collections have all contributed to the diminishing bottom line of most healthcare hospitals. It has been estimated that around 30% of all claims filed by physicians have errors with around 15% of claims disappearing or getting lost in the process. For many hospitals around 80% of their claims are for small secondary payments ($100-$200) which often times go unclaimed or result in lengthy reimbursement delays .The overall complexity of the system also contributes to its operational inefficiency. The need for extra sources of reliable short term capital sources with reasonable terms, costs and risks will increase in the future. Most small hospitals even with excellent credit ratings do not have the access to bank credit that top-tier hospitals enjoy. As a general rule taking advantage of alternative sources of short term operating capital is paramount to their long term viability. Even with the improved operating and liquidity positions of most hospitals, internal capital or operating cash flow alone, will not be enough to sustain the level of growth and capital investment necessary to maintain competitiveness. Philanthropic donations will play an increasing role in the funding of hospitals operations. The investment income can also play a major role in providing operating capital.

Nursing-Health Education Project on Teenage Smoking prevention Essay

Nursing-Health Education Project on Teenage Smoking prevention - Essay Example red into believing that smoking offers benefits not found in any other consumer-product that they find it easy to get hooked to cigarettes and tobacco, but have difficulty in letting go of the habit. People are very well aware that smoking tobacco has harmful effects on one’s health. But the continuous ‘patriotism’ for smoking this product is due to some simple, yet unknown facts. For instance, not everyone knows about how adverse cigarette smoking effects could be dangerous. With its effect on health, an estimated 438,000 deaths is recorder each year due to cigarette smoking (Center for Disease Control, 2006). Based on a National Research Council Survey, adolescents who had quit smoking were less likely to develop depression, which shows that smoking does have an effect on a person’s emotional state. However, a more striking result was found later through Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey, still part of the National Research Council, which shows that youthful smokers were twice as likely to develop depressive symptoms as never smokers (Long, 2005). The chosen benefactors of the health promotion or wellness project are a heterogeneous group of ninth graders. They will be under assessment, and is a group composed mostly of auditory learners who learn much better when information is given through the spoken word. They prefer to listen than take down notes and picture things out in their minds. These children also enjoy saying things in their own words and explaining these things to others, vocally. It is therefore, just appropriate to have a speaker who is able to speak effectively and communicate well through speech. There are more chances for the children to comprehend what they have been taught, if it is presented orally or verbally. The ninth graders are, furthermore, proven to be mature and ready enough to learn, as indicated by certain factors and corresponding ratings and assessments. The children are all in the right age to engage in

Professional communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Business Plan Assignment - Coursework Example We believe in creating a long-term value for our clients, employees and the community via an insightful professional program. RABCO Accounting consultant will be a highly visible consulting firm that would be well known for its highly professional duties regarding accounting, taxation and auditing. In the long run, we will be looking on the means to expand our services to include the partnering with the upcoming businesses that requires guidance in their efforts to make profits. The firm will offer the technical services in an effort to ensure that the firms can stand in the highly competitive business environment. The assistance to the growing firms will ensure a long relationship that would result to the profits in our firm. The mission and vision of the company will propel our goals. We target to become the best consulting company in the country in the next five years. This goal will only be enabled by our hard and dedicated work to providing excellent services to our clients. The clients will give as a support by referring their colleagues to us if only there are satisfied beyond reasonable doubt with the services we provide to them. RABCO Consulting Company was mainly motivated to enter into the market by the growing number of clients that want the accounting services nationally (Hovers, n.d.). There are however a growing number of graduates that are qualified and were ready to offer their skills in the accounting firms. The company enters into the field with the intention to offer efficient services to enhance the productivity and to grow their profits, Given that there are some well-known accounting firms in the land, it will not be easy for RABCO LTD to make an impact at the first entry (Wiley, 2008). The company will rely on small companies that do not have adequate finances to hire the services of the giant accounting firms. The firm will have

Nursing-Health Education Project on Teenage Smoking prevention Essay

Nursing-Health Education Project on Teenage Smoking prevention - Essay Example red into believing that smoking offers benefits not found in any other consumer-product that they find it easy to get hooked to cigarettes and tobacco, but have difficulty in letting go of the habit. People are very well aware that smoking tobacco has harmful effects on one’s health. But the continuous ‘patriotism’ for smoking this product is due to some simple, yet unknown facts. For instance, not everyone knows about how adverse cigarette smoking effects could be dangerous. With its effect on health, an estimated 438,000 deaths is recorder each year due to cigarette smoking (Center for Disease Control, 2006). Based on a National Research Council Survey, adolescents who had quit smoking were less likely to develop depression, which shows that smoking does have an effect on a person’s emotional state. However, a more striking result was found later through Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey, still part of the National Research Council, which shows that youthful smokers were twice as likely to develop depressive symptoms as never smokers (Long, 2005). The chosen benefactors of the health promotion or wellness project are a heterogeneous group of ninth graders. They will be under assessment, and is a group composed mostly of auditory learners who learn much better when information is given through the spoken word. They prefer to listen than take down notes and picture things out in their minds. These children also enjoy saying things in their own words and explaining these things to others, vocally. It is therefore, just appropriate to have a speaker who is able to speak effectively and communicate well through speech. There are more chances for the children to comprehend what they have been taught, if it is presented orally or verbally. The ninth graders are, furthermore, proven to be mature and ready enough to learn, as indicated by certain factors and corresponding ratings and assessments. The children are all in the right age to engage in

Business Plan Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Plan Assignment - Coursework Example We believe in creating a long-term value for our clients, employees and the community via an insightful professional program. RABCO Accounting consultant will be a highly visible consulting firm that would be well known for its highly professional duties regarding accounting, taxation and auditing. In the long run, we will be looking on the means to expand our services to include the partnering with the upcoming businesses that requires guidance in their efforts to make profits. The firm will offer the technical services in an effort to ensure that the firms can stand in the highly competitive business environment. The assistance to the growing firms will ensure a long relationship that would result to the profits in our firm. The mission and vision of the company will propel our goals. We target to become the best consulting company in the country in the next five years. This goal will only be enabled by our hard and dedicated work to providing excellent services to our clients. The clients will give as a support by referring their colleagues to us if only there are satisfied beyond reasonable doubt with the services we provide to them. RABCO Consulting Company was mainly motivated to enter into the market by the growing number of clients that want the accounting services nationally (Hovers, n.d.). There are however a growing number of graduates that are qualified and were ready to offer their skills in the accounting firms. The company enters into the field with the intention to offer efficient services to enhance the productivity and to grow their profits, Given that there are some well-known accounting firms in the land, it will not be easy for RABCO LTD to make an impact at the first entry (Wiley, 2008). The company will rely on small companies that do not have adequate finances to hire the services of the giant accounting firms. The firm will have

Library System Essay Example for Free

Library System Essay In progress countries, where the Computerized Library System is a mature technology, developments are the area of resource sharing and globalization of Information Access. In such a scenario, the role of the librarian is no longer to make available the most suitable books or editorial or facts accessible within the library but to seek out the information necessary by the user from any library. The recent advancement in Information Technologies and system has become the key concerns of librarian and libraries. Libraries need to develop their resources access, analyse the need of their users and seek to develop resources to meet this needs. As a learning and knowledge organization, schools should empower their libraries to develop the appropriate tools in coping with the growing library trends and standards. The Jesus is Lord Christian School’s Library System is a Manual System, which covers manual transactions inside the library, such as borrowing, returning, and recording of the books and the registration of the new borrowers. The system will help the librarian to closely monitor the condition of the library. This system is also design to speed up every transaction inside the library. The main objective of the proposed system is to increase the efficiency and security of record keeping of the school. The system will also generate reports that are needed in monitoring the library. The proposed system is design with security to protect sensitive files from unauthorized access. Only authorized users can have an access to confidential files. The security of files is achieved through the use of Username and Password for identification and authentication of the user. The proposed Computerized Library System of Jesus is Lord Christian School will improve and speed up library transactions. 1. 0 INTRODUCTION The Computerized Library System is an Integrated System that consists of library operating components such as Cataloguing, Searching, Adding, Editing, and Deleting books and periodicals information. Each component supports a user-friendly interface that makes it extremely accessible to librarians and students alike. The software is also design with portability in mind, so that it would be available to a wide variety of computer architecture. Library is a place where the collections of books are kept. A library operates routinely with known set of customer, it also operates on expectation. When the client walks into the library, we expect that they will get the material or information that they need. The library in return, expects that the client will return the items within the specified borrowing time. As always, the role of the library and librarians is to help manage the effective delivery of library services. This has been traditionally anchored on the management of the catalogue and physical collection. Librarians are trained to be expert in Information Searching, Selecting, and Organizing. Nowadays, in a highly technological society, human productivity is made more efficient through the development of the electronic gadgets and machine. The advent of such modernization in education, one way to globalize the process of research is to appreciate that technology is advancing in a dramatic increase. Now in our modern society, technology is the most important advancement which brings necessity to progress us along to the computerized world. These make man’s life easier and more convenient. 1. 2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1. 2. 1 General problem How to design, develop, and implement a Computerized Library System for Jesus is Lord Christian School to lessen their time in tracking of records, storage of numerous paperwork’s and manual filing of forms. 1. 2. 2 Specific Problems * The current acquisition and cataloguing process of Jesus is Lord Christian School Library is time consuming and prone to errors due to the present manual operations. * The traditional use of pen and typriter for acquisition and cataloguing are prone to erasures. * The library reports and inventory are very tedious and it takes a month to be completed because it is manually done * The library reports and inventories are said to be tedious because of manual book counting, listing of new books, and Administrative reports. * The process of lending and returning of books user consumes minutes of manpower due to the manual tracking and processing of students, employee and book records. * The Jesus is Lord Christian School Library staffs manually perform the borrowing and returning of books, and it takes several minutes to complete a single process. * Tracking of overdue books is difficult and this prolongs the returning process as well as the imposing of penalties. * The calculation and imposing of imposing of penalties as well as tracking of overdue books are manually performed, this results to lack of books monitoring 1. 3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. 3. 1 General Objective This study aims to design, develop, and implement a Computerized Library System for Jesus is Lord Christian School that will store information and track the records of books and its borrowers, and produced library reports and inventories of the school’s library. 1. 3. 2 Specific Objectives * To produce an efficient book acquisition process this will be useful during cataloguing. * To produce a means of tracking overdue books useful in imposing penalties whenever necessary. * To produce library reports and inventories like Administrative Reports that would be available whenever needed. * To be able to monitor all borrowed and returned books. * To be able to monitor the circulation of books. * To provide a facility that will handle library transactions efficiently and accurately. 1. 4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 1. 4. 1 The Librarians A Computerized Library System is a tool that can be used by the school librarian in storing and retrieving information such as the books information and the borrower’s information in order to make every transaction faster. A Computerized Library System can have a great help for the librarian of Jesus is Lord Christian School because the number of students enrolled there increases very year thus, the job of the librarian becomes more difficult and complicated because it is very hard for them to monitor huge number of students who want to borrow books. The study will help the librarian solve the problems regarding its transactions like the computing of penalties for the delinquent borrowers and maintaining of books in the library so that the job of the librarian will be lessened. 1. 4. 2 Students and Faculty Members This study will help the students and the faculty members in borrowing books because this system will provide them a categorization system so that they can search a specific book in the library in a much convenient way. 1. 4. 3 The School Administrator Our proposed system will generate reports needed by the school admin like the list of books in the library, list of delinquent borrowers, list of new books and list of damage books. 1. 4. 4 Assistant Librarian In case of librarian is not in the library, the assistant librarian can also access the proposed system. However, there are only certain process that the assistant library can operate. 1. 5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS The system will only focused on books and periodicals. It will not include the library budgets. The inventory of equipment and audio visual materials in order for the system to be concrete and specific. The proposed library system will not be networked in order to reduce complexity on the part of the proponent. The system will also include the File Maintenance of the books wherein they can add, edit, delete all the necessary information if needed. This will also help the librarian in the monitoring of books in the library because all the books information will be stored in a database. This will make it much easier for the librarian to update the books in the library. Back-up and Restoration of the database is also included in the system. We will provide a module that will back-up all the information in the database when the system is turn off and will restore if the main database is corrupted. In this process, the risk of losing some information in the library will be minimized. The calculation of penalties for overdue books is done with the use of an efficient books transaction process. The report generation such as readymade listings for manual book counting, listing of new books, discarded books and Administrative reports will be easily done. All of the information will be stored in the database so that the borrowing and returning of books can easily be monitored by the Librarian. The system will also provide the automatic computation of penalty for the delinquent borrowers depending on the number of days overdue, in this case the librarian does not need to compute penalty in a manual process and the possible wrong computation will be lessen. Generating of reports will also be provided by the system like the list of books in the library, list of new books, list of damaged books, and the list of delinquent borrower. The system will not include the purchasing of new books or any additional equipment in the library like desks, electric fan, chairs, book shelves and other materials. 2. 0 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY (Software Engineering Paradigm) The Spiral Model The spiral model combines the idea of iterative development (prototyping) with the systematic, controlled aspects of the waterfall model. It allows for incremental releases of the product, or incremental refinement through each time around the spiral. The spiral model also explicitly includes risk management within software development. Identifying major risks, both technical and managerial, and determining how to lessen the risk helps keep the software development process under control. The spiral model is based on continuous refinement of key products for requirements definition and analysis, system and software design, and implementation. At each iteration around the cycle, the products are extensions of an earlier product. This model uses many of the same phases as the waterfall model, in essentially the same order, separated by planning, risk assessment, and the building of prototypes and simulations. Documents are produced when they are required, and the content reflects the information necessary at that point in the process. All documents will not be created at the beginning of the process, nor all at the end (hopefully). Like the product they define, the documents are works in progress. The idea is to have a continuous stream of products produced and available for user review. The spiral lifecycle model allows for elements of the product to be added in when they become available or known. This assures that there is no conflict with previous requirements and design. This method is consistent with approaches that have multiple software builds and releases and allows for making an orderly transition to a maintenance activity. Another positive aspect is that the spiral model forces early user involvement in the system development effort. For projects with heavy user interfacing, such as user application programs or instrument interface applications, such involvement is helpful. Starting at the center, each turn around the spiral goes through several task regions . * Determine the objectives, alternatives, and constraints on the new iteration. * Evaluate alternatives and identify and resolve risk issues. * Develop and verify the product for this iteration. * Plan the next iteration. Note that the requirements activity takes place in multiple sections and in multiple iterations, just as planning and risk analysis occur in multiple places. Final design, implementation, integration, and test occur in iteration 4. The spiral can be repeated multiple times for multiple builds. Using this method of development, some functionality can be delivered to the user faster than the waterfall method. The spiral method also helps manage risk and uncertainty by allowing multiple decision points and by explicitly admitting that all of anything cannot be known before the subsequent activity starts 3. 0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Computerized Library System in the Philippines have integrated library system namely, UP Don Bosco Technical College (develop in house), Ateneo Professional Schools (develop in house). Thomas Jefferson Cultural Center (Date Trek), International Institute (Iunopac), Asian Development Bank (VTLS), International Rice Research integrated use micro-CDs/ISIS, INMAGIC or BIBASE to create their electronic catalogs and/or indexes and produce catalog/cards or book catalog indexes. The theological libraries also use BIBASE for their circulation system. UP Computerized Library System is develop in aiming to produce a full pledge computerized library system that supports all necessary components to suit library tasks. Each components work conjunction with each other to produce an automated library system. The team aims to provide a really good GUI for ease of access on part of the user. The proposed system will cover the monitoring of books and borrowers. Computing penalty for overdue available generating a card catalog for searching a particular books, its title, subject and author. The difference of this system to our proposed system is we will convert the current system of the said school from manual system into computerized library system for faster searching of records. The library functions of the benefits of the students, teachers as if supply the patrons with a wealth of information, found in books, periodic and electronic sources, assistance is given with teams paper’s factual information. Leisure reading materials and any other library related activities. This chapter reviews literature and studies that the researchers considered relevant to the present study. The school library is one of the most common studied division of educational institutions. Not a few specialist in the teaching enterprise have devoted their attention and focus their inquiry into the system management and problems of the library as a learning resource center. There is the only need to gear up current awareness services, but also to initiate new services with the assistance the new services technologies, so that total library operation and service can be modernized. There remains much to be done as the image of the university libraries directly linked with the quality of services it provide to its rising users of device requirements. [FEST 1994]. In completion of the study, the proponents made use of different books. They also made use of the response of the direct inquiries from interviews. These are big factors in the generation of ideas. Library classifications have been particularly defined as systematic arrangement by subjects of books and other material on shelves and catalogue and index entries and manner which is most useful for those who read or who seek definite piece of information. University of Santo Tomas can be considered as the oldest university in the country. The first seeds were planted when the founders, Fr. Miguel de Benavides and Fr. Diego Soria, donated their private collections. Through the history of the university other Dominicans contributed books that they thought were indispensable in education for the priesthood. This explains why the oldest books in the collections are related in the philosophy, theology or law. As new faculties were opened in the university books were added. All these constitute a precious collection of rare books unique in the Philippines. The library was house at the university quarters in the old city of Intramuros for three hundred years. When the university expandedits campus outside the walls, the collection were also transferred. When the main building constructed, the library was allotted of room at ground floor. Its collection increased with the opening of new courses, the library grew to occuy one whole wing of the ground floor of this building and other rooms in the different building [JOAQ 2004]. In 1985, the long waited dream of the exclusive building for the library finally materialized, and on October 29, 1989 the UST Central Library Buildings was inaugurated. [JOAQ 2004]. Until 1985 the books in the library were classified according to the old method of classification called the fixed system. In 1927, the university adopted another method classification known as the Dewey Decimal System. 4. 0 DESCRIPTION OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM The Jesus is Lord Christian School uses manual type of operation in managing library transactions. Several procedures are included in handling all the necessary information of books, students, faculty member as well as the card catalogue. Library transactions like borrowing, returning, cataloguing and reserving are being done manually by the librarian of staff. The librarian uses pen and library master card file in recording all the transactions with regards to the books concern. Usually the library card for the faculty and none teaching staff is bigger compared to that of students and it is kept inside the library. In borrowing of books the library practices open shelves policy. Most of the time the student/faculty come in the library to conduct research and reading, if the said clients wants to borrow the books, they will ask the librarian if they can borrow the books. For students, they will present their library card to the librarian, and then the librarian will record the compulsory information needed like the due date into the library card. The student will sign in the books card. On borrowing, the library practiced a one to three policy. The Students as well as The Faculty can only be allowed to borrow three books at a time. In returning, the students or even the faculty will present the books borrowed, then the librarian will look the master card file of the students and sign it. If the books is returned on its due date, the library card will be simply returned to the students. In case the book was not returned on time, the students will be charged a fine of five pesos per day. The amount of penalty depends on the number of days the student failed to return the books. In the case of faculty and staff, they will simply present the books to the librarian, then the librarian will look for the library card of the faculty and staff in the faculty and staff card file and sign on it. The faculty and staff are exempted from the penalty.